[54] On 14 October 1925, Captain Francis Marten relieved Hill, but he retained command only until 9 March 1926 when Captain Joseph Henley assumed command. They and the sacrifice they made will never be forgotten. BARHAM's explosion after being torpedoed. Our own inner-world is largely unexplored," Mr Mearns told BBC News. [29][Note 4], Hipper's battlecruisers spotted the Battlecruiser Fleet to their west at 15:20, but Beatty's ships did not see the Germans to their east until 15:30. The battleships were providing distant cover to the light cruisers of Force B[1], engaged in searching for the German merchantsMaritzaandProcida (see also this link and this link). For the rest of the war, except for the inconclusive action of 19 August 1916, her service generally consisted of routine patrols and training in the North Sea. The Donaldson Atlantic Line SS Athenia was built in Glasgow and the city's Riverside Museum of transport has an exhibition dedicated to the vessel and the stories surrounding its sinking. "It was a shocking event," said Riverside curator Emily Malcolm. After temporary repairs at Scapa, Barham was sent to Cromarty Firth for more permanent repairs in the floating dry dock there that lasted until 23 December. More Disasters Caught on Camera: https://goo.gl/hYJzzNBRITISH PATH'S STORY Before television, people came to movie theatres to watch the news. [44], Hipper turned his ships southward around 18:05 to fall back upon Scheer's advancing battleships and then reversed course five minutes later. Everything fits," said Mr Mearns, who sets out the case in his book The Shipwreck Hunter. [67] Barham played no role in the Norwegian Campaign although some of her crew and marines participated. Two of the others detonated upon striking the waterline armour, but failed to penetrate. During her abbreviated sea trials on 6 July 1916, Barham only reached a mean top speed of 23.91 knots (44.28km/h; 27.52mph). Spiritualism: A Critical Survey. The ship had been hit amidships by torpedoes on the port side. [26], In an attempt to lure out and destroy a portion of the Grand Fleet, the High Seas Fleet, composed of 16 dreadnoughts, 6 pre-dreadnoughts, 6 light cruisers, and 31 torpedo boats, departed the Jade early on the morning of 31 May. This increased her metacentric height to about 7 feet (2.1m) at deep load, despite the increase in her deep displacement to 35,970 long tons (36,550t). The full truth only emerged at the Nuremberg Trials. Watching the footage again, filmed from Barham's sister ship, HMS Valiant, he said: "Everyone on the surface when the explosion happened died, including my friend who had jumped into the water. A pair of octuple mounts for 2-pounder (40mm (1.6in)) Mk VIII "pom-pom" anti-aircraft guns were added abreast the funnel and two positions for their directors were added on new platforms abreast and below the spotting top. Read about our approach to external linking. All interested parties are warmly in. The interrogation report following the sinking of U-331 in late 1942 give further detail of the sinking of HMS Barham at this link. [18][19][Note 2] Barham cost a total of 2,470,113. She was hit six times during the battle, five times by 30.5cm shells and once by a 28.3cm shell, suffering casualties of 26 killed and 46 wounded. She participated in the Battle of Dakar in mid-1940, where she damaged a Vichy French battleship and was slightly damaged in return. "It was by an air vent from the engine room that was hit and all this smoke came pouring up. 862 men went down with her, and her end was filmed by a war correspondent on board one of the escorting The 5th Battle Squadron concentrated their fire on the German battleships after losing sight of the battlecruisers, with Barham opening fire at 18:14. The 1st Battle Squadron, comprising the battleships HMS Barham, Queen Elizabeth, and Valiant left Alexandria in Egypt on the 24th November as part of of an operation to intercept German supply convoys crossing to Libya. [65] Most of the adjacent compartments flooded and the ship took on a 7 degree list that was countered by transferring fuel oil to starboard. 137144, 2-pounder (40mm (1.6in)) Mk VIII "pom-pom", https://www.navy.gov.au/media-room/publications/hm-ships-enemy-action-wwii, HMS Barham Explodes & Sinks: World War II (1941), List of dreadnought battleships of the Royal Navy, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HMS_Barham_(04)&oldid=1131403965, World War I battleships of the United Kingdom, World War II battleships of the United Kingdom, Ships sunk by German submarines in World War II, World War II shipwrecks in the Mediterranean Sea, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 5,000nmi (9,260km; 5,750mi) at 12 knots (22km/h; 14mph), This page was last edited on 4 January 2023, at 00:34. U-331 thus passed through the screen and was in a position to fire her torpedoes after the leading ship, Queen Elizabeth, had passed her by and the second ship, Barham, was closing rapidly. You can see all the lifeboats. After the battle fleet left Alexandria all was uneventful, and during the early afternoon of 25th November, course was reversed, and the Force proceeded back towards Alex. "I dived in headfirst, but as I did, the ship rolled again and I smashed my head on the hull and was knocked unconscious.". [53] The ship was relieved as flagship by Revenge in June[54] and she was ordered to Palestine in August where her crew helped to suppress rioting in Haifa and also operated the Haifa-Jerusalem railroad. HMS Barham was at the time engaged in an operation to engage potential enemy convoys, together with the other two battleships of the Mediterranean Fleet, HMS Queen Elizabeth (flag) and HMS Valiant, escorted by nine destroyers. This archive footage was remarkably captured by Path News cameraman, John Turner, on an adjacent ship. The British battleships then switched targets to bombard the harbour and Richelieu. This required maximum offensive power and a speed several knots faster than any other battleship to allow them to defeat any type of ship. "The sinking of the SS Athenia, a civilian liner, was significant not only as the first British shipping loss of the war but as an example of a Nazi attempt to promote 'fake news'. These two hits were ultimately responsible for the massive flooding that nearly sank the ship after the battle. HMS Barham was one of five Queen Elizabeth -class battleships built for the Royal Navy during the early 1910s. It is the first wreck in his consultancy career "which I've identified from my armchair, so to speak". Neilson Larry 05/01/2011. Experience the final moments of the Queen Elizabeth Battleship, HMS Barham, when it was struck by torpedoes from a German submarine during World War II which resulted in a terrifying explosion.. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain declared war on 3 September, 1939. This podcast series examines Australias Naval history, featuring a variety of naval history experts from the Naval Studies Group and elsewhere. The wrecks sites upside down on the sea floor. "I didn't know which way was up or down and thought that was it, I'm going to die I had given up and remember thinking, I hope it's quick.". "The Moon and Mars are mapped to a greater degree of accuracy than our seabed. On the other hand, the British knew exactly where the Italians were, thanks to their radar-equipped ships. Towards the end of 1941, the Med Fleet was experiencing some ups and downs, as the Luftwaffe became increasingly active and aggressive during the advance of General Rommel (the Desert Fox) and his Afrika Korps across the Western Desert towards Alexandria. During the next eighteen months or so, the 1st B.S. HMAS Sydney II and the HSK Kormoran Shipwreck Sites, Admiralty House, Garden and Fortifications, Royal Australian Naval Transmitting Station ACT, 81st. He replied, 'it's gone'.". 2 six-inch gun. David Mearns: "My research rules out all other shipwrecks in this area". David Mearns, who has found some two dozen major wrecks for insurers and TV companies, says the Athenia's hull is visible in sonar data acquired by the Geological Survey of Ireland. After Free French emissaries were either captured or driven off by the Vichy French, Cunningham ordered his ships to open fire. search wreck . Print This Page. This was initially a Fairey IIIF until it was replaced by a Fairey Swordfish in 1938. Three minutes later, she sighted the topmasts of Vice-Admiral Reinhard Scheer's battleships, but did not report this for another five minutes. During this time BARHAM was bombed and severely damaged by the Luftwaffe and had to go to Capetown for extensive repairs. However, I can vividly recall the sinking as though it were yesterday. The main armament could be controlled by 'B' turret as well. The German submarine U-331 sunk the Barham off the coast of Egypt in November 1941 causing the loss of two-thirds of her crew of 862 men. It was a perfect day and the sea was smooth, After Hands had been piped to tea, the usual promenaders (ERAs and Stoker POs off watch) emerged from below-decks for their customary first Dog Watch strolls up and down the Focsle. flag changed on a number of occasions. When Richard came round, he was underwater. Contents 1 Service 1.1 First World War [97], To conceal the sinking from the Germans and to protect British morale, the Board of Admiralty censored all news of Barham's sinking. 203, 205, Jellicoe, pp. Required fields are marked *. At the going down of the SUN, AND in the MORNING; WE WILL REMEMBER THEM, WE WILL REMEMBER THEM!! Casualties were five dead and six wounded. "I saw one of my shipmates in the water and asked him, 'where's the ship?' They even attempted to blame the sinking on Winston Churchill, who on that very day - 3 September, 1939 - was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty. 101102, 108110, 115116, 134142, Campbell 1986, pp. No. We've also got a detailed model of the Athenia. On 25 November 1941 one of the heaviest losses of life, and the only loss of a Royal Navy battleship to a submarine at sea, occurred off Bardia, when HMS Barham was torpedoed at extremely short range by U-331, and sank within four minutes. [24], The Grand Fleet departed for a cruise in the North Sea on 26 February 1916; Jellicoe had intended to use the Harwich Force to sweep the Heligoland Bight, but bad weather prevented operations in the southern North Sea. [84] Barham became the flagship of the 1st BS in December. Life on the Line Podcasts Scheer turned south again, then steered south-eastward to pursue a lone British battle squadron sighted by an airship, which was in fact the Harwich Force of cruisers and destroyers under Commodore Reginald Tyrwhitt. This is my first written account of the fateful day, and of my recollections of some of the circumstances before and after the catastrophe since I prepared a Report on the sinking shortly after the event for the Royal Naval Authorities at Alexandria, Egypt. As always you can unsubscribe at any time. I assumed that this had happened because the submarine Captain had fired all his bow tubes at once, and had not compensated quickly enough with seawater to keep the conning tower below the surface. The Germans opened fire first at 15:48, followed by the British battlecruisers. HMS Barham (04) [+1941] Details general nationality: british purpose: war type: battleship subtype/class: Queen Elisabeth class battleship class propulsion: steam turbine date built: 1913 status: dead (not found) IWM FL1472. Duchess capsized and sank, with the loss of 124 of her crew. Guy Morris), S.O.O./S.N.O. The Queen Elizabeth-class ships were designed to form a fast squadron for the fleet that was intended to operate against the leading ships of the opposing battleline. The impacts drove in the plates and fragments caused much flooding by damaging the surrounding structure. Realising their mistake, the Germans changed course for home. She had a normal displacement of 32,590 long tons (33,110t) and displaced 33,260 long tons (33,794t) at deep load. His expertise means he has been appointed as a judge on the Shell Ocean Discovery XPRIZE, a $7m incentive to get engineering groups to develop innovative seafloor mapping technologies and strategies. "There was my friend Ted Clow, from Oadby, but he died last December, aged 93.". [54] Reinforced by the battleship Resolution and the aircraft carrier Ark Royal from Force H, Barham departed Gibraltar for Freetown, Sierra Leone, four days later. This meant that the 5th Battle Squadron and the light cruisers were the sole targets available for the German ships until after his turn, although the worsening visibility hampered both sides' shooting. She was present when the High Seas Fleet surrendered for internment on 21 November. [35], At 16:30, the light cruiser Southampton, scouting in front of Beatty's ships, spotted the lead elements of the High Seas Fleet coming north at top speed. It was something Donaldson had made when the ship was built," she told BBC News. Twelve of the fourteen BL 6-inch (152mm) Mk XII guns were mounted in casemates along the broadside of the vessel amidships; the remaining pair were mounted on the forecastle deck near the aft funnel and were protected by gun shields. Copyright 2023. It proved to be worse than expected and Barham had to be repaired at Durban, South Africa, as she was unfit to make the trans-Atlantic crossing for repair in the United States. [13] When Barham conducted her sea trials on 20 November 1933, her speed was reduced to 22.5 knots (41.7km/h; 25.9mph) from 65,655shp (48,959kW). 1. (Mute & Track Negs.) Germany initially denied involvement fearing the US would join the war. Last modified on Wed 15 Jun 2022 10.44 EDT. Once the news had come through around 1630 hours that Force K out of Malta had sunk these, the battleships turned for Alexandria. They set several merchant ships on fire, but again failed to hit the latter at a range of 17,000 yards (15,500m) before breaking off fire at 13:20. One of these hits also started several major fires inside the hull. On 21 April, the Grand Fleet conducted a demonstration off Horns Reef to distract the Germans while the Russian Navy relaid its defensive minefields in the Baltic Sea. In addition the torpedo-control tower aft was replaced by an air-defence position during that same refit. The torpedo from U-30 struck the Athenia at 7:38 that evening. Most of those who died were in two lifeboats that were smashed just as they were about to be saved. Richard worked as a shop floor foreman at Ratby Engineering, in Leicester, until 1982. The S.G.O (Cdr. During this refit, the aft superstructure was rebuilt and the torpedo-control tower and its rangefinder were removed, together with the aft set of torpedo tubes. Website with searchable ship database about warships, passenger liners, merchant ships, photo galleries, technical details, stories, news and much more. They hit Ltzow, Derfflinger and Seydlitz three times each between 17:19 and about 18:05. In contrast, the hit on Ltzow flooded a 15-centimetre (5.9in) magazine and the hits on Seydlitz blew a 10-by-13-foot (3.0 by 4.0m) hole in the side of her bow. Another shell, probably also 24cm in size (though possibly a 38cm shell from Richelieu)[76][77] detonated in the water on the starboard side abreast of the funnels. 340, 346, 349, 354355, 358, Jones, pp. 713 x 435. The loss of HMS Barham contributed to the very high number of losses at sea suffered by the Royal Navy in the period of Operation CRUSADER, about which I have written at this link. She sailed south through the Suez Canal to Mombasa, Kenya, where her damage was inspected. "We were standing by a ladder two decks below on the mess deck when there was a huge explosion," he said. Wikipedia. Or by navigating to the user icon in the top right. VALIANT and WARSPITE in background. Rawlings took over temporarily from P-W who became Vice Admiral Light Forces. Craske), the Admiral and S.W.O. This was replaced by a torpedo rangefinder in early 1928 when the permanent position was installed in the remodelled spotting top. We use your sign-up to provide content in the ways you've consented to and improve our understanding of you. How surprising were the M3 Grant tanks to the Germans? The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Barham quickly capsized to port and was lying on her side when a massive magazine explosion occurred about four minutes after she was torpedoed and sank her. In the end, the TV idea was dropped, but Mr Mearns still hopes an expedition can be mounted by someone. The BdU (Commander Submarines) noted in his war diary the rather jubilant: U331 1 battleship torpedoed in the Mediterranean. And now within range of the battleships of the 3rd Squadron which opened fire on the 5th Battle Squadron as they made their turn. An ASDIC operator aboard one of the leading destroyers, Jervis, detected the submarine at 16:18 at an estimated range of 9001,100 yards (8201,010m), but the contact was disregarded as it subtended an angle between 40 and 60 degrees wide, far larger than a submarine. The ship was not hit, but was forced to return to port under the cover of a heavy smoke screen. She started off World War II by being torpedoed off Liverpool, and after being patched up was in trouble again during a bombardment of Oran, when she was hit by Free French shore batteries. After several minutes it became apparent that the squadron was not conforming to Beatty's other ships, but Evan-Thomas refused to change course until clear instructions had been received despite entreaties from the Barham's captain. Barham's signallers were unable to read the signal and her officer of the watch presumed that it was the expected point zigzag to the left of the base course and signalled that course change to the rest of the squadron. Richard will be reading the Royal British Legion epitaph, "They shall grow not old, as we that are left grow old", at Buckminster Road Baptist Church on Sunday, during the act of remembrance. [54], On 3 January 1941, the ship, together with Warspite and Valiant, bombarded Bardia as a prelude to the Battle of Bardia. P.W and staff moved to MALAYA and QUEEN ELIZABETH, and Rear Admiral B.S. By this time the 5th Battle Squadron was about seven point five nautical miles (13.9km; 8.6mi) northwest of Beatty. Richard grew up in Penrith Road, Belgrave, joining the Royal Navy as a boy seaman, aged 15. Other fragments from the second hit caused damage that allowed the water to spread even further. [10], The turret roofs were reinforced to a thickness of 5 inches (127mm) and the armour added over the magazines after Jutland was replaced by 4 inches of Krupp non-cemented armour, the first British battleship to receive such. LOVE YOU ALL: Yours Aye-Brian CANUCK Murza, W.W.II Naval Researcher-Published Author, Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada. [27] Barham slipped her mooring at 22:08 and was followed by the rest of Beatty's ships. No hits were observed and the ships stopped firing after making their turn north, but Barham opened fire for a short time when they fell in line with the Grand Fleet a few minutes later, probably without making any hits. In preparation for Operation Menace, a British naval attack on Dakar, Senegal, prior to a planned landing by the Free French, the ship was detached from the Home Fleet on 28 August and was assigned to Force M, the Royal Navy component of the operation. Lemp fired four torpedoes at the two capital ships,[64] and one struck Barham on her port side, adjacent to the shell rooms for 'A' and 'B' turrets. It is just over 49 years since H.M.S. Despite the majority of the wreck lying some 75m below the . This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. The relatively shallow water on Rockall Bank, an area of raised seabed a few hundred km from the Irish coastline, means it should be reasonably straightforward to send down a remotely operated vehicle to investigate the sonar contact. Lifeboats that were smashed just as they made WILL never be forgotten by this time 5th... Engine room that was hit and all this smoke came pouring up around 1630 hours that Force out... 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